Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
A combined vaccine protecting against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Diphtheria is now mainly seen in international travellers, so a current Tdap booster is especially relevant before a trip.
What it is
Tdap is a combined vaccine that protects against three bacterial illnesses: tetanus (lockjaw), diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). All three can be serious or fatal.
How it spreads
Tetanus comes from soil and dirty wounds. Diphtheria and pertussis spread through coughs and sneezes in close contact.
Dosing & timing
- Primary series
- Most people complete the primary series in childhood. Adults who never had Tdap should get a single dose.
- Boosters
- Every 10 years — or after 5 years if you have a dirty wound or burn.
- Before you travel
- Protection kicks in within days, so this is not a major timing concern.
Who should consider it
Most adults are protected from childhood. CDC advises a Tdap booster every 10 years for all adults. Diphtheria is now mainly seen in international travellers, so making sure your booster is current matters before a trip. Pregnant travellers should get a Tdap dose during every pregnancy.
Side effects and safety
Common (most resolve in a day or two)
- Soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given
- Mild fever
- Headache or feeling tired
Serious but rare
- Severe allergic reaction (very rare)
Who should not get it
Skip it if you have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose, or a serious neurological reaction within a week of a previous pertussis-containing dose.
Common questions
How do I know when my last tetanus shot was?
Check your medical records. If you are not sure, your doctor will usually give you a dose to be safe — and update your records.
Is diphtheria really a travel risk?
Yes. Diphtheria is rare in countries with strong vaccine programmes but still circulates elsewhere, so a current booster is sensible before an international trip.
I'm pregnant — should I get Tdap?
Yes. CDC recommends Tdap during every pregnancy, ideally early in the third trimester, to protect the newborn from whooping cough.
Plan ahead: Talk to a travel health doctor 4 to 6 weeks before departure to check whether your booster is due.
Source: CDC — Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis.
Disclaimer:This information is for general guidance only, based on CDC Travelers' Health. It does not replace advice from a qualified travel health professional. Consult a doctor 4–6 weeks before your trip.