Yellow Fever
A serious mosquito-borne virus found in parts of Africa and South America. Proof of vaccination is required for entry to many countries if arriving from a risk area.
What it is
Yellow fever is a serious mosquito-borne virus. Many cases are mild, but severe cases cause jaundice, bleeding, and organ damage.
How it spreads
It is spread by mosquitoes in parts of Africa and South America. Humans pick it up in jungle, savannah, or urban settings depending on the local cycle.
Dosing & timing
- Primary series
- A single shot.
- Boosters
- No boosters needed — one dose protects you for life.
- Before you travel
- Get vaccinated at least 10 days before travel. Your certificate becomes valid 10 days after the shot.
Who should consider it
CDC recommends the vaccine if you are 9 months or older and travelling to or living in an area where yellow fever circulates. Many countries also require proof of vaccination on an International Certificate of Vaccination if you are arriving from a risk area.
Countries where CDC recommends this
Click any country for its full vaccine list.
Recommended for most travellers
Recommended for some travellers
Side effects and safety
Common (most resolve in a day or two)
- Soreness where the shot was given
- Mild fever
- Headache or muscle aches a few days after
Serious but rare
- Severe illness affecting organs (very rare, more likely in older adults and those with weakened immunity)
Who should not get it
Skip it if you are under 6 months old, allergic to a vaccine component, have a weakened immune system, are on immunosuppressive treatment, or have a thymus disorder. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and being aged 60 or over are precautions — talk to your doctor about the trade-offs.
Common questions
Can I be turned away at the border without a yellow fever certificate?
Yes. Some countries deny entry, require quarantine, or vaccinate you on the spot if you arrive from a risk area without proof.
Is one shot really enough for life?
Yes. CDC and the International Health Regulations now consider a single dose valid for the lifetime of the traveller.
I'm over 60 — should I still get it?
Talk to your doctor. The rare serious side effects are slightly more likely after age 60, so the decision balances your travel plans against your health.
Plan ahead: Talk to a travel health doctor 4 to 6 weeks before departure. Yellow fever vaccine is only given at designated centres and your certificate must be issued correctly.
Source: CDC — Yellow Fever.
Disclaimer:This information is for general guidance only, based on CDC Travelers' Health. It does not replace advice from a qualified travel health professional. Consult a doctor 4–6 weeks before your trip.