Tick-borne Encephalitis
A viral brain infection spread by tick bites in parts of Europe and northern Asia. Worth considering for outdoor travellers planning hiking, camping, or forest activities in affected regions.
What it is
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus that can cause swelling of the brain. Most cases are mild, but severe cases can leave lasting neurological effects.
How it spreads
Through the bite of an infected tick, found in forested and grassy areas of central and northern Europe, the Baltic states, and parts of northern Asia. Rarely, it spreads through unpasteurised dairy.
Dosing & timing
- Primary series
- Three shots in your arm. The first two are weeks to months apart, and the third is 5 to 12 months after that.
- Boosters
- A booster about 3 years after the primary series keeps protection going for at least a decade.
- Before you travel
- Start at least several weeks before travel. This vaccine is not useful for last-minute trips.
Who should consider it
CDC recommends the vaccine for travellers planning extensive outdoor activities — hiking, camping, foraging, working in forests — in areas where TBE is common. Highest-incidence regions include the Baltic states, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia.
Countries where CDC recommends this
Click any country for its full vaccine list.
Recommended for some travellers
Side effects and safety
Common (most resolve in a day or two)
- Soreness where the shot was given
- Mild fever
- Headache or muscle aches
Serious but rare
- Severe allergic reaction (very rare)
Who should not get it
Skip it if you have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or any ingredient, including egg.
Common questions
Do I need this for a city trip to Prague or Stockholm?
Probably not. Risk is mainly in forested rural areas. Short urban stays usually do not warrant the full series.
What if I can't fit in all three doses before travel?
Two doses give strong short-term protection. The third dose extends it. Combine with tick-bite prevention regardless.
How do I avoid tick bites in the meantime?
Wear long sleeves and trousers tucked into socks, use insect repellent, stick to marked paths, and check your skin and clothing after time outdoors.
Plan ahead: Talk to a travel health doctor 4 to 6 weeks before departure, or earlier — the full series takes months.
Source: CDC — Tick-borne Encephalitis.
Disclaimer:This information is for general guidance only, based on CDC Travelers' Health. It does not replace advice from a qualified travel health professional. Consult a doctor 4–6 weeks before your trip.